Harlech Castle, Glyndwr s last major stronghold, fell to English forces under John Talbot and Gilbert Lord Talbot in 1409. The castle had served as Glyndwr s court and capital since 1404. His wife Margaret Hanmer, daughters, and grandchildren were captured within. The fall of Harlech effectively ended Glyndwr s ability to maintain a conventional political and military structure, reducing him to guerrilla operations until his disappearance.
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