During the Jacobite advance southward in November 1745, cavalry parties were detached to maintain control of the Border country and prevent government militia assembling in the Scottish Borders. A Jacobite patrol encountered Border militia near Jedburgh in Roxburghshire. The militia — local Whig and Presbyterian families of the Borders — had assembled to resist the Jacobite advance but dispersed when the Highland cavalry appeared. The Borders were less Jacobite than the Highlands but contained pockets of Episcopal and Tory sympathy. Jedburgh's position on the main route south from Edinburgh made securing it important for the Jacobite army's communications.
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