John Graham of Claverhouse, Viscount Dundee, refused to accept the Convention of Estates after William of Orange arrived. He rode out of Edinburgh in March 1689 with a troop of horse, evading government forces, and headed north to raise the Highland clans for James VII. This departure — the first overt act of defiance — opened the 1689 rising. Government troops were unable to intercept him. Dundee was the one Jacobite commander with genuine military ability, and his departure made the first rising possible.
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