The garrison of Norham Castle, the Bishop of Durham's fortress on the Tweed commanding the most important ford into Scotland, fought off a Scottish border incursion in 1523. Norham was the most important English border castle after Berwick — it guarded the Tweed crossing at Norham Ford and served as the eastern anchor of English march defences. The 1523 skirmish was one of many small-scale engagements at and around Norham that punctuated the intervals between major invasions. The castle had been rebuilt and strengthened after the 1513 Flodden campaign when James IV's artillery had breached its walls.
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