The Welsh annals record a battle near Hereford in 760 in which the Welsh defeated a Mercian force. This took place in the generation before Offa built his famous dyke. The repeated Welsh successes in border fighting in this period suggest the border was genuinely contested and not simply held by Mercia. Offa Dyke, begun c.784, was as much a result of Welsh military pressure as of Mercian strength.
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