The surrender of Oxford on 24 June 1646 formally ended the First Civil War. Charles I had already surrendered himself to the Scottish army at Newark in May. Oxford — which had been the Royalist capital and headquarters since 1642 — surrendered on generous terms. The royalist field army no longer existed; the last Royalist city had fallen. The four-year struggle that had cost perhaps 200,000 lives was over — though the peace would prove temporary.
Parliamentary: New Model Army with siege train. Royalist: substantial garrison with court, now dwindling in resources
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