BattlefieldsBothwell Raid on Holyrood Palace 1591
Tudor

Bothwell Raid on Holyrood Palace 1591

1591
Midlothian, Scotland
Era
Tudor
Battle Type
Pitched Battle
Location
Midlothian, Scotland
Status
Unregistered
The Combatants

Who Fought

Defeated
Earl of Bothwell
Forces
Holyrood household guard c.50-100
VS
Victor
James VI / Royal Household
Forces
Bothwell with c.300 armed men
Outcome
Palace gates held; James VI barricaded safely; Bothwell withdrew before citizens rallied
The Battle

History & Significance

Francis Stewart, Earl of Bothwell — nephew of the Bothwell who had married Mary Queen of Scots — led a violent night assault on the gates of Holyrood Palace in December 1591, attempting to seize James VI. The king had accused Bothwell of witchcraft and treasonable dealings with the English. Bothwell's men battered at the palace gates with hammers and tried to force entry while James barricaded himself inside. The household guard held the gates and Bothwell withdrew before Edinburgh citizens could muster. The brazen attack on the royal palace in the capital demonstrated how little Bothwell feared consequences.

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