Harlech Castle — one of Edward I's "Iron Ring" — fell to Glyndŵr in 1404, becoming his family home, treasury and court. His second parliament met here in 1405. His family were held here, and when the castle finally fell in 1409 after an English siege, his wife Margaret, daughters and grandchildren were taken to the Tower of London where they eventually died. Harlech's desperate defiance during both Glyndŵr's rebellion and the Wars of the Roses directly inspired "Men of Harlech."
Welsh (Glyndŵr): c. 1,000–2,000 men in siege. English garrison: c. 80–150 men.
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