On 24 November 1542, a large Scottish army of approximately 18,000 men crossed the Esk into England at the Solway Moss but collapsed without a serious battle when the English West March force under Sir Thomas Wharton attacked with approximately 3,000 men. The Scottish army disintegrated in the boggy ground of the Moss, unable to coordinate command because no agreed leader had been appointed. Over 1,200 Scottish lords and knights were captured including two earls, five lords, and 500 laird-class officers. James V, already ill, died within weeks on hearing the news, leaving Scotland governed by the regent for the infant Mary Queen of Scots.
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