In 1523, the Duke of Norfolk (Thomas Howard) and Lord Admiral Surrey mounted a major English raid into Teviotdale as part of Henry VIII's renewed Scottish pressure coinciding with an English intervention in France. The 1523 campaign was intended to open a northern front that would prevent Scotland from intervening against English operations in France. The raid burned Jedburgh for the second time since Flodden and ravaged a broad swathe of Scottish Border country. The scale of English operations in 1523 marked a significant escalation from the normal pattern of warden-level raiding.
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