Arnulf de Montgomery seized Pembroke in 1093 — the same year Rhys ap Tewdwr was killed at Brecon. He built the first castle there, which would be developed into one of the most formidable in Wales (and Henry VII's birthplace). The Norman colony of south Pembrokeshire became so thoroughly anglicised that it was called "Little England Beyond Wales" — Welsh was not spoken south of the Landsker line for centuries. The original seizure was one of the most consequential Norman acts in Wales.
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