The French intervention in Scotland in 1548 transformed the Rough Wooing from a bilateral Anglo-Scottish conflict into a three-way struggle. Six thousand French troops, commanded by the Italian condottiere Leo Strozzi, landed at Leith and immediately marched to besiege Haddington. Mary Queen of Scots was simultaneously shipped to France for her betrothal to the Dauphin. The French presence made Protector Somerset's position untenable and contributed to his political downfall in 1549.
French landing force c.1,500–3,000 supporting Scottish operations.
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