English warden forces conducted systematic sweeps through Tynedale in 1601 as part of the coordinated Anglo-Scottish border pacification that preceded James VI's accession to the English throne. The Tynedale communities — among the most persistently lawless in the north of England — had raided both sides of the border for generations. The 1601 sweeps were more thorough than previous operations, with coordinated action north and south of the border and systematic destruction of peel towers used as reiver bases. The operations cleared many of the most notorious families from their traditional territories.
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