The English retaliation for Scottish shelter given to the Northern Rising rebels included a punitive raid on Dumfries in 1570. The English crown was furious that Scotland had allowed the earls of Northumberland and Westmorland to shelter north of the border. The raid on Dumfries was part of a series of retaliatory actions. Simultaneously, Leonard Dacre — himself a rebel — was defeated at the Gelt by Lord Hunsdon, ending the last armed phase of the Northern Rising.
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