After capturing Norham, Etal, and Ford castles, James IV moved his Scottish army to a strong defensive position on Flodden Hill, with Barmoor Wood behind the English lines becoming the assembly point for Surrey's English army. The strategic manoeuvring of August-September 1513 saw both commanders seeking tactical advantage across the terrain south of the Tweed. James's decision to hold the Flodden heights initially gave him a commanding defensive position that Surrey was reluctant to assault directly — leading to the flank march that preceded the battle itself.
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