William the Conqueror marched a large army by land and sea into Scotland in 1072 -- the first Norman invasion of Scotland. Malcolm III, unable to resist, met William at Abernethy on the Tay and did homage, surrendering hostages including his own son Duncan (the future Duncan II). The exact nature of the homage -- whether for Scotland or just his English lands -- was disputed for generations. Edgar Atheling, whom Malcolm had harboured, was expelled. The meeting defined the terms of the Anglo-Scottish relationship for decades.
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