When the Northern Rising collapsed in December 1569, the Earl of Northumberland fled north across the border into Scotland rather than submit to Elizabeth's mercy. His flight removed the principal leader of the rebellion and effectively ended any organised resistance. The earl was taken in by the Scottish Douglas family at Lochleven but his presence in Scotland created a major diplomatic problem — Elizabeth demanded his surrender and the Scottish regent was reluctant to hand him over, fearing the precedent. Northumberland was eventually sold to England in 1572 and beheaded at York.
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