The Protestant Lords of the Congregation marched on Edinburgh in October 1559 and seized the capital, deposing Mary of Guise as regent for a second time. French troops in Leith were temporarily unable to respond. The lords published the deposition of Mary of Guise and appointed a Council of Regency. The occupation of Edinburgh was the decisive political-military act of the Scottish Reformation crisis. It forced France and England both to respond militarily, culminating in the siege of Leith the following year.
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