The English constructed a fort at Roxburgh near the ruins of the medieval castle to anchor the western end of their Border fortification chain during the Rough Wooing. Roxburgh commanded the junction of the Tweed and Teviot and the roads into Teviotdale. Scottish forces raided around the fort continually but could not reduce it. The fort's garrison made English control of much of Roxburghshire possible and protected Protestant sympathisers in the area.
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