Norman conquest, baronial wars, the Wars of Independence, and the Wars of the Roses.
The medieval period is the most densely documented era of British battlefield history. From the Norman subjugation of England to the baronial conflicts of King John's reign, the Scottish Wars of Independence under Wallace and Bruce, Owain Glyndŵr's rebellion in Wales, and the dynastic bloodshed of the Wars of the Roses — the four centuries between 1066 and 1485 saw continuous military conflict that redrew the map of Britain.
595 battles and skirmishes are recorded in this period. A selection of the most significant are shown below — use the full battlefield directory to search and filter all of them.
The most significant medieval battles in Britain include the Battle of Hastings (1066), the Battle of Bannockburn (1314), the Battle of Agincourt (1415), and the Battle of Bosworth Field (1485) which ended the Wars of the Roses.
The Wars of the Roses (1455–1487) were a series of dynastic civil wars between the Houses of Lancaster and York for the English throne. Key battles included the First Battle of St Albans, Towton (the bloodiest battle ever fought on English soil), Barnet, Tewkesbury, and Bosworth Field.
Over 2,600 medieval military engagements are recorded in Britain between 1066 and 1485, spanning sieges, pitched battles, skirmishes, and naval actions across England, Scotland and Wales.
The Scottish Wars of Independence (1296–1357) were a series of military campaigns in which Scotland fought to maintain independence from English rule. Key battles included Stirling Bridge (1297), Falkirk (1298), and Bannockburn (1314), where Robert the Bruce defeated Edward II.
Pick any location and Aubrey pulls together 15 strands of its history, each drawn from the record:
Every location is different. Not every section appears for every place, only what the historical record actually holds turns up in a report.